{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00005393","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig escape handler","revision":4,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected.","NVD lastModified does not establish freshness of every associated CPE record."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","CVE-2024-28119"],"plain_summary":"OSV carries this publisher advisory for getgrav/grav. This is an aggregated source copy; consult the original publisher and compare update dates.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"The original advisory lists fixed boundaries 1.7.45 for getgrav/grav. Confirm the publisher’s latest guidance.","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"action_type":"vendor_patch","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null},{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-010f56fce5ebe7b4dfef1b6382ba7f3d"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-06-17T07:21:00.337Z","value":"8.8 HIGH (3.1)","meaning":"security-advisories@github.com severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-b8d9a5e103d5c8e4b2d78d76bd22daa9"},{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-06-17T07:21:00.337Z","value":"8.8 HIGH (3.1)","meaning":"nvd@nist.gov severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-b8d9a5e103d5c8e4b2d78d76bd22daa9"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-11-01T12:00:16.000Z","value":"1.584%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.75565. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-010f56fce5ebe7b4dfef1b6382ba7f3d"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub-origin advisory, CC-BY-4.0; OSV is an aggregate copy, not independent corroboration.","title":"GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database via OSV","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"},{"id":"sr-b8d9a5e103d5c8e4b2d78d76bd22daa9","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28119","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","title":"CVE-2024-28119","publisher":"NIST National Vulnerability Database","observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:59:14.650Z"},{"id":"sr-010f56fce5ebe7b4dfef1b6382ba7f3d","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2024-28119","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-01T14:27:48.610Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"technology":"getgrav/grav","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nDue to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99\n```php\n/**\n     * Defines a new escaper to be used via the escape filter.\n     *\n     * @param string   $strategy The strategy name that should be used as a strategy in the escape call\n     * @param callable $callable A valid PHP callable\n     */\n    public function setEscaper($strategy, callable $callable)\n    {\n        $this->escapers[$strategy] = $callable;\n    }\n ```\n Twig supports the functionality to redefine the escape function through the setEscaper method. \nHowever, that method is not originally exposed to the twig environment, but it is accessible through the payload below.\n\n```plaintext\n{{ grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('a','a') }}\n```\nAt this point, it accepts callable type as an argument, but as there is no validation for the $callable variable, attackers can set dangerous functions like system as the escaper function.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\n{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('system','twig_array_","public_affected_ranges":["ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 1.7.45"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-06T15:18:17.697Z","source_updated_at":"2026-09-10T03:50:00.255Z","source_disclosed_at":"2024-03-22T16:56:02.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Source facts changed; compare the preserved prior revision.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"},{"id":"NVI-00005393","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig escape handler","revision":3,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","CVE-2024-28119"],"plain_summary":"OSV carries this publisher advisory for getgrav/grav. This is an aggregated source copy; consult the original publisher and compare update dates.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"The original advisory lists fixed boundaries 1.7.45 for getgrav/grav. Confirm the publisher’s latest guidance.","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"action_type":"vendor_patch","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null},{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-010f56fce5ebe7b4dfef1b6382ba7f3d"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-11-01T12:00:16.000Z","value":"1.584%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.75565. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-010f56fce5ebe7b4dfef1b6382ba7f3d"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub-origin advisory, CC-BY-4.0; OSV is an aggregate copy, not independent corroboration.","title":"GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database via OSV","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"},{"id":"sr-010f56fce5ebe7b4dfef1b6382ba7f3d","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2024-28119","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-01T14:27:48.610Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"technology":"getgrav/grav","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nDue to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99\n```php\n/**\n     * Defines a new escaper to be used via the escape filter.\n     *\n     * @param string   $strategy The strategy name that should be used as a strategy in the escape call\n     * @param callable $callable A valid PHP callable\n     */\n    public function setEscaper($strategy, callable $callable)\n    {\n        $this->escapers[$strategy] = $callable;\n    }\n ```\n Twig supports the functionality to redefine the escape function through the setEscaper method. \nHowever, that method is not originally exposed to the twig environment, but it is accessible through the payload below.\n\n```plaintext\n{{ grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('a','a') }}\n```\nAt this point, it accepts callable type as an argument, but as there is no validation for the $callable variable, attackers can set dangerous functions like system as the escaper function.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\n{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('system','twig_array_","public_affected_ranges":["ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 1.7.45"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-02T20:21:07.733Z","source_updated_at":"2026-09-10T03:50:00.255Z","source_disclosed_at":"2024-03-22T16:56:02.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"},{"id":"NVI-00005393","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig escape handler","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","CVE-2024-28119"],"plain_summary":"OSV carries this publisher advisory for getgrav/grav. This is an aggregated source copy; consult the original publisher and compare update dates.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"The original advisory lists fixed boundaries 1.7.45 for getgrav/grav. Confirm the publisher’s latest guidance.","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"action_type":"vendor_patch","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null},{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-62783abc3d6c2d5f1b415f8f28905fda"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"1.584%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.75566. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-62783abc3d6c2d5f1b415f8f28905fda"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub-origin advisory, CC-BY-4.0; OSV is an aggregate copy, not independent corroboration.","title":"GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database via OSV","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"},{"id":"sr-62783abc3d6c2d5f1b415f8f28905fda","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2024-28119","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:03.704Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"technology":"getgrav/grav","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nDue to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99\n```php\n/**\n     * Defines a new escaper to be used via the escape filter.\n     *\n     * @param string   $strategy The strategy name that should be used as a strategy in the escape call\n     * @param callable $callable A valid PHP callable\n     */\n    public function setEscaper($strategy, callable $callable)\n    {\n        $this->escapers[$strategy] = $callable;\n    }\n ```\n Twig supports the functionality to redefine the escape function through the setEscaper method. \nHowever, that method is not originally exposed to the twig environment, but it is accessible through the payload below.\n\n```plaintext\n{{ grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('a','a') }}\n```\nAt this point, it accepts callable type as an argument, but as there is no validation for the $callable variable, attackers can set dangerous functions like system as the escaper function.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\n{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('system','twig_array_","public_affected_ranges":["ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 1.7.45"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-01T01:45:38.542Z","source_updated_at":"2026-09-10T03:50:00.255Z","source_disclosed_at":"2024-03-22T16:56:02.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"},{"id":"NVI-00005393","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Twig escape handler","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","CVE-2024-28119"],"plain_summary":"OSV carries this publisher advisory for getgrav/grav. This is an aggregated source copy; consult the original publisher and compare update dates.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"The original advisory lists fixed boundaries 1.7.45 for getgrav/grav. Confirm the publisher’s latest guidance.","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"action_type":"vendor_patch","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub-origin advisory, CC-BY-4.0; OSV is an aggregate copy, not independent corroboration.","title":"GHSA-2m7x-c7px-hp58","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database via OSV","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-8d84a945b0b37b493357ce4fe5eff40c"],"technology":"getgrav/grav","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nDue to the unrestricted access to twig extension class from grav context, an attacker can redefine the escape function and execute arbitrary commands.\n\n### Details\nhttps://github.com/twigphp/Twig/blob/3.x/src/Extension/EscaperExtension.php#L99\n```php\n/**\n     * Defines a new escaper to be used via the escape filter.\n     *\n     * @param string   $strategy The strategy name that should be used as a strategy in the escape call\n     * @param callable $callable A valid PHP callable\n     */\n    public function setEscaper($strategy, callable $callable)\n    {\n        $this->escapers[$strategy] = $callable;\n    }\n ```\n Twig supports the functionality to redefine the escape function through the setEscaper method. \nHowever, that method is not originally exposed to the twig environment, but it is accessible through the payload below.\n\n```plaintext\n{{ grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('a','a') }}\n```\nAt this point, it accepts callable type as an argument, but as there is no validation for the $callable variable, attackers can set dangerous functions like system as the escaper function.\n\n\n### PoC\n```\n{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig.extensions.core.setEscaper('system','twig_array_","public_affected_ranges":["ECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 1.7.45"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-10-31T22:13:01.463Z","source_updated_at":"2026-09-10T03:50:00.255Z","source_disclosed_at":"2024-03-22T16:56:02.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:41:49.641Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}