{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00009105","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Authlib accepts an empty HMAC key, allowing JWS/JWT signature forgery (HS256/HS384/HS512)","revision":3,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected.","NVD lastModified does not establish freshness of every associated CPE record."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","CVE-2026-114616"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Authlib. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-41c8f03a58192f7842d8c7014b46a98f"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-27T16:09:23.000Z","value":"7.4 high","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"},{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-30T20:17:00.643Z","value":"7.4 HIGH (3.1)","meaning":"security-advisories@github.com severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-50a9dfb3e9c2749f69327911c8464fde"},{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-30T20:17:00.643Z","value":"9.1 CRITICAL (3.1)","meaning":"nvd@nist.gov severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-50a9dfb3e9c2749f69327911c8464fde"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.299%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.22599. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-41c8f03a58192f7842d8c7014b46a98f"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:56:51.534Z"},{"id":"sr-50a9dfb3e9c2749f69327911c8464fde","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-114616","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","title":"CVE-2026-114616","publisher":"NIST National Vulnerability Database","observed_at":"2026-11-03T09:58:52.895Z"},{"id":"sr-41c8f03a58192f7842d8c7014b46a98f","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-114616","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:15.374Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"],"technology":"Authlib","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"Reporter: Cavan Loughran, Celvex Group Inc.\n\nSummary\n\nAuthlib's symmetric (oct) key handling accepts an empty key (empty bytes b'' / empty string '') as a valid HMAC signing and verification key. An empty HMAC key produces a deterministic digest that any party can reproduce, so an attacker who knows (or can cause) the application to verify a token with an empty key can forge arbitrary tokens that pass HS256/HS384/HS512 signature verification. This is the Authlib member of the cross-language empty-HMAC-key family already assigned CVE-2026-44351 (fast-jwt, npm) and CVE-2026-45363 (ruby-jwt, RubyGems).\n\nThis is DISTINCT from Authlib's existing recent JWT-verification advisories. It is not closed by CVE-2026-27962 / GHSA-wvwj-cvrp-7pv5 (JWS JWK header injection, the key=None case), nor by CVE-2026-28802 / GHSA-7wc2-qxgw-g8gg (alg:none blank-signature bypass), nor by GHSA-5357-c2jx-v7qh (algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys). Those address header-driven key injection, the none algorithm, and asymmetric-vs-symmetric confusion respectively; none of them rejects a zero-length oct key.\n\nAffected versions\n\nAuthlib <= 1.7.2 (latest release 1.7.2, 2026-05-06). Confirmed present at t","public_affected_ranges":["< 1.9.1"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-05T19:10:23.265Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-27T16:09:23.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-27T16:09:22.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Source facts changed; compare the preserved prior revision.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:56:51.534Z"},{"id":"NVI-00009105","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Authlib accepts an empty HMAC key, allowing JWS/JWT signature forgery (HS256/HS384/HS512)","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","CVE-2026-114616"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Authlib. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-41c8f03a58192f7842d8c7014b46a98f"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-27T16:09:23.000Z","value":"7.4 high","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.299%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.22599. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-41c8f03a58192f7842d8c7014b46a98f"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:56:51.534Z"},{"id":"sr-41c8f03a58192f7842d8c7014b46a98f","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-114616","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:15.374Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"],"technology":"Authlib","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"Reporter: Cavan Loughran, Celvex Group Inc.\n\nSummary\n\nAuthlib's symmetric (oct) key handling accepts an empty key (empty bytes b'' / empty string '') as a valid HMAC signing and verification key. An empty HMAC key produces a deterministic digest that any party can reproduce, so an attacker who knows (or can cause) the application to verify a token with an empty key can forge arbitrary tokens that pass HS256/HS384/HS512 signature verification. This is the Authlib member of the cross-language empty-HMAC-key family already assigned CVE-2026-44351 (fast-jwt, npm) and CVE-2026-45363 (ruby-jwt, RubyGems).\n\nThis is DISTINCT from Authlib's existing recent JWT-verification advisories. It is not closed by CVE-2026-27962 / GHSA-wvwj-cvrp-7pv5 (JWS JWK header injection, the key=None case), nor by CVE-2026-28802 / GHSA-7wc2-qxgw-g8gg (alg:none blank-signature bypass), nor by GHSA-5357-c2jx-v7qh (algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys). Those address header-driven key injection, the none algorithm, and asymmetric-vs-symmetric confusion respectively; none of them rejects a zero-length oct key.\n\nAffected versions\n\nAuthlib <= 1.7.2 (latest release 1.7.2, 2026-05-06). Confirmed present at t","public_affected_ranges":["< 1.9.1"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-10-31T23:18:17.212Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-27T16:09:23.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-27T16:09:22.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:56:51.534Z"},{"id":"NVI-00009105","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Authlib accepts an empty HMAC key, allowing JWS/JWT signature forgery (HS256/HS384/HS512)","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","CVE-2026-114616"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Authlib. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-27T16:09:23.000Z","value":"7.4 high","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-8m4g-j4wp-wgcg","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:56:51.534Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-b3acde09bc48aa33888a0c5fff3ed10e"],"technology":"Authlib","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"Reporter: Cavan Loughran, Celvex Group Inc.\n\nSummary\n\nAuthlib's symmetric (oct) key handling accepts an empty key (empty bytes b'' / empty string '') as a valid HMAC signing and verification key. An empty HMAC key produces a deterministic digest that any party can reproduce, so an attacker who knows (or can cause) the application to verify a token with an empty key can forge arbitrary tokens that pass HS256/HS384/HS512 signature verification. This is the Authlib member of the cross-language empty-HMAC-key family already assigned CVE-2026-44351 (fast-jwt, npm) and CVE-2026-45363 (ruby-jwt, RubyGems).\n\nThis is DISTINCT from Authlib's existing recent JWT-verification advisories. It is not closed by CVE-2026-27962 / GHSA-wvwj-cvrp-7pv5 (JWS JWK header injection, the key=None case), nor by CVE-2026-28802 / GHSA-7wc2-qxgw-g8gg (alg:none blank-signature bypass), nor by GHSA-5357-c2jx-v7qh (algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys). Those address header-driven key injection, the none algorithm, and asymmetric-vs-symmetric confusion respectively; none of them rejects a zero-length oct key.\n\nAffected versions\n\nAuthlib <= 1.7.2 (latest release 1.7.2, 2026-05-06). Confirmed present at t","public_affected_ranges":["< 1.9.1"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-10-31T22:13:31.283Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-27T16:09:23.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-27T16:09:22.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T21:56:51.534Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}