{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00010135","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Pillow: Quadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)","revision":3,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected.","NVD lastModified does not establish freshness of every associated CPE record."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","CVE-2026-112894"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Pillow. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-60041f138cfd60f39b2ce3c84549b5e7"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-27T14:56:28.823Z","value":"7.5 HIGH (3.1)","meaning":"nvd@nist.gov severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-2288dc8bc5e7c73b411baafabfac2047"},{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-27T14:56:28.823Z","value":"8.7 HIGH (4.0)","meaning":"security-advisories@github.com severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-2288dc8bc5e7c73b411baafabfac2047"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.594%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.48432. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-60041f138cfd60f39b2ce3c84549b5e7"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"sr-2288dc8bc5e7c73b411baafabfac2047","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-112894","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","title":"CVE-2026-112894","publisher":"NIST National Vulnerability Database","observed_at":"2026-11-03T09:58:44.915Z"},{"id":"sr-60041f138cfd60f39b2ce3c84549b5e7","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-112894","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:20:46.853Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a"],"technology":"Pillow","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"```\n============================================================================\nQuadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)\nLocation: src/PIL/PdfParser.py:629  in next_object_id()\nCommit:   a707c6b21c313880d0771e54965d142dd42358b6\n============================================================================\n```\n\nPillow's PDF writer takes time proportional to the square of the number of frames when it saves a multi-frame image as a multi-page PDF. Anyone who can get an application to convert their uploaded image this way can tie up a worker at full CPU for minutes with a small file. A 240 KB animated image takes about 70 seconds, a 720 KB one an estimated 10 minutes, and a 125-byte animated PNG that merely *declares* a large frame count triggers the same slowdown with no upper bound short of 2³¹ frames. Memory stays under 100 MB and the decompression-bomb limit never applies.\n\nThe cause is `PdfParser.next_object_id()` in `src/PIL/PdfParser.py`, which finds the next free id by computing `max(self.xref_table.keys())`. `XrefTable.keys()` rebuilds three sets over every id reserved so far on each call. `PdfImagePlugin._save()` calls it three times (four for palette imag","public_affected_ranges":[">= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-03T10:03:31.379Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-21T21:11:47.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-21T21:11:44.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Source facts changed; compare the preserved prior revision.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"NVI-00010135","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Pillow: Quadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","CVE-2026-112894"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Pillow. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-60041f138cfd60f39b2ce3c84549b5e7"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.594%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.48432. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-60041f138cfd60f39b2ce3c84549b5e7"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"sr-60041f138cfd60f39b2ce3c84549b5e7","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-112894","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:20:46.853Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a"],"technology":"Pillow","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"```\n============================================================================\nQuadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)\nLocation: src/PIL/PdfParser.py:629  in next_object_id()\nCommit:   a707c6b21c313880d0771e54965d142dd42358b6\n============================================================================\n```\n\nPillow's PDF writer takes time proportional to the square of the number of frames when it saves a multi-frame image as a multi-page PDF. Anyone who can get an application to convert their uploaded image this way can tie up a worker at full CPU for minutes with a small file. A 240 KB animated image takes about 70 seconds, a 720 KB one an estimated 10 minutes, and a 125-byte animated PNG that merely *declares* a large frame count triggers the same slowdown with no upper bound short of 2³¹ frames. Memory stays under 100 MB and the decompression-bomb limit never applies.\n\nThe cause is `PdfParser.next_object_id()` in `src/PIL/PdfParser.py`, which finds the next free id by computing `max(self.xref_table.keys())`. `XrefTable.keys()` rebuilds three sets over every id reserved so far on each call. `PdfImagePlugin._save()` calls it three times (four for palette imag","public_affected_ranges":[">= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-01T07:29:08.034Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-21T21:11:47.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-21T21:11:44.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"NVI-00010135","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Pillow: Quadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","CVE-2026-112894"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Pillow. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-jg86-v3jv-hrpm","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-290d033a907b50a508d82fe0fc79f54a"],"technology":"Pillow","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"```\n============================================================================\nQuadratic-time DoS in PDF save_all (PdfParser.next_object_id)\nLocation: src/PIL/PdfParser.py:629  in next_object_id()\nCommit:   a707c6b21c313880d0771e54965d142dd42358b6\n============================================================================\n```\n\nPillow's PDF writer takes time proportional to the square of the number of frames when it saves a multi-frame image as a multi-page PDF. Anyone who can get an application to convert their uploaded image this way can tie up a worker at full CPU for minutes with a small file. A 240 KB animated image takes about 70 seconds, a 720 KB one an estimated 10 minutes, and a 125-byte animated PNG that merely *declares* a large frame count triggers the same slowdown with no upper bound short of 2³¹ frames. Memory stays under 100 MB and the decompression-bomb limit never applies.\n\nThe cause is `PdfParser.next_object_id()` in `src/PIL/PdfParser.py`, which finds the next free id by computing `max(self.xref_table.keys())`. `XrefTable.keys()` rebuilds three sets over every id reserved so far on each call. `PdfImagePlugin._save()` calls it three times (four for palette imag","public_affected_ranges":[">= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-10-31T22:13:48.417Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-21T21:11:47.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-21T21:11:44.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}