{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00010677","kind":"vulnerability","title":"kobako Sandbox Escape: guest eval reaches host RCE via method_missing → public_send (any bound Service)","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-7pwq-q9jf-539h","CVE-2026-55107"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for kobako. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-13514922ad3d5b9e965a6837d2c2f5cd"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-26T14:45:09.000Z","value":"10 critical","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-11-01T12:00:16.000Z","value":"0.799%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.56562. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-13514922ad3d5b9e965a6837d2c2f5cd"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7pwq-q9jf-539h","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-7pwq-q9jf-539h","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:46.371Z"},{"id":"sr-13514922ad3d5b9e965a6837d2c2f5cd","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-55107","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-01T14:28:32.282Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b"],"technology":"kobako","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nA guest mruby script running inside the Kobako sandbox can execute arbitrary\nRuby in the host process, fully escaping the sandbox.\n\n### Details\nA host embeds bound \"Service\" objects that guest scripts call across the wasm\nboundary through the transport dispatcher. The dispatcher passed the\nguest-supplied method name straight to `Object#public_send` on the bound\nobject, with no restriction to the object's own methods:\n\n```ruby\ntarget.public_send(method.to_sym, *args, **kwargs, &block)\n```\n\n`public_send` can invoke any public method, including Ruby's ambient\nreflection surface. A guest pivots through the public `send` into otherwise\nprivate Kernel methods: a dispatch request with `method = \"send\"` and\n`args = [:eval, \"\"]` evaluates to `target.send(:eval, \"\")`,\nrunning attacker-controlled Ruby in the host. Any bound Service object is\nsufficient — no Service-specific behavior is required.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nA guest call equivalent to:\n\n```\nService.send(:eval, \"\")\n```\n\nexecutes in the host process and can read or modify host state, spawn\nprocesses, and so on.\n\n### Impact\nComplete sandbox escape leading to remote code execution in the host ","public_affected_ranges":[">= 0.1.0, <= 0.9.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-03T17:49:18.478Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-26T14:45:09.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-08-18T20:09:59.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:46.371Z"},{"id":"NVI-00010677","kind":"vulnerability","title":"kobako Sandbox Escape: guest eval reaches host RCE via method_missing → public_send (any bound Service)","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-7pwq-q9jf-539h","CVE-2026-55107"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for kobako. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-26T14:45:09.000Z","value":"10 critical","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-7pwq-q9jf-539h","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-7pwq-q9jf-539h","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:46.371Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-9b3825f6ceaa97bec063b9e8310df42b"],"technology":"kobako","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nA guest mruby script running inside the Kobako sandbox can execute arbitrary\nRuby in the host process, fully escaping the sandbox.\n\n### Details\nA host embeds bound \"Service\" objects that guest scripts call across the wasm\nboundary through the transport dispatcher. The dispatcher passed the\nguest-supplied method name straight to `Object#public_send` on the bound\nobject, with no restriction to the object's own methods:\n\n```ruby\ntarget.public_send(method.to_sym, *args, **kwargs, &block)\n```\n\n`public_send` can invoke any public method, including Ruby's ambient\nreflection surface. A guest pivots through the public `send` into otherwise\nprivate Kernel methods: a dispatch request with `method = \"send\"` and\n`args = [:eval, \"\"]` evaluates to `target.send(:eval, \"\")`,\nrunning attacker-controlled Ruby in the host. Any bound Service object is\nsufficient — no Service-specific behavior is required.\n\n### Proof of Concept\nA guest call equivalent to:\n\n```\nService.send(:eval, \"\")\n```\n\nexecutes in the host process and can read or modify host state, spawn\nprocesses, and so on.\n\n### Impact\nComplete sandbox escape leading to remote code execution in the host ","public_affected_ranges":[">= 0.1.0, <= 0.9.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-10-31T22:27:09.628Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-26T14:45:09.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-08-18T20:09:59.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:06:46.371Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}