{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00010684","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Pillow PDF append accepts malformed shared page-tree DAG causing resource exhaustion","revision":3,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","CVE-2026-96640"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Pillow. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-0ffcce10bb8079f1adda5a33f2c53ebb"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-11-04T12:03:12.000Z","value":"0.604%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.49034. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-0ffcce10bb8079f1adda5a33f2c53ebb"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"sr-0ffcce10bb8079f1adda5a33f2c53ebb","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-96640","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-04T23:33:33.081Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4"],"technology":"Pillow","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nPillow's documented PDF append path can spend disproportionate CPU time on a compact malformed PDF page tree.\n\nAn attacker who can supply an existing PDF to an application that appends an image with `Image.save(..., format=\"PDF\", append=True)` can provide a malformed `/Pages` tree where each level repeats the same child `/Pages` reference in `/Kids`. Pillow treats the graph as a tree and expands each repeated reference in `PdfParser.linearize_page_tree()` without tracking visited or duplicate indirect references.\n\nIn the bounded proof below, a `1410`-byte PDF expands to `8192` page references from one distinct page object and takes about `9.6` seconds through the append path. A comparable linear control with the same depth stays at one page reference and completes in about `0.02` seconds.\n\nThis is in scope for Pillow's security policy because it is reproducible in `main`, affects the latest public release tested (`12.3.0`), and is not just an unexpected Python exception. The vulnerable operation accepts attacker-controlled PDF bytes through Pillow's PDF parser and causes deterministic resource consumption before normal completion.\n\n### Details\n\n#### Affected versions\n\n-","public_affected_ranges":[">= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-07T14:02:01.395Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-22T16:00:47.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-22T16:00:47.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"NVI-00010684","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Pillow PDF append accepts malformed shared page-tree DAG causing resource exhaustion","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","CVE-2026-96640"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Pillow. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-751ed130c35ccc235d4961601558ba49"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.604%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.48925. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-751ed130c35ccc235d4961601558ba49"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"sr-751ed130c35ccc235d4961601558ba49","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-96640","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-10-31T23:13:27.701Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4"],"technology":"Pillow","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nPillow's documented PDF append path can spend disproportionate CPU time on a compact malformed PDF page tree.\n\nAn attacker who can supply an existing PDF to an application that appends an image with `Image.save(..., format=\"PDF\", append=True)` can provide a malformed `/Pages` tree where each level repeats the same child `/Pages` reference in `/Kids`. Pillow treats the graph as a tree and expands each repeated reference in `PdfParser.linearize_page_tree()` without tracking visited or duplicate indirect references.\n\nIn the bounded proof below, a `1410`-byte PDF expands to `8192` page references from one distinct page object and takes about `9.6` seconds through the append path. A comparable linear control with the same depth stays at one page reference and completes in about `0.02` seconds.\n\nThis is in scope for Pillow's security policy because it is reproducible in `main`, affects the latest public release tested (`12.3.0`), and is not just an unexpected Python exception. The vulnerable operation accepts attacker-controlled PDF bytes through Pillow's PDF parser and causes deterministic resource consumption before normal completion.\n\n### Details\n\n#### Affected versions\n\n-","public_affected_ranges":[">= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-03T10:03:21.793Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-22T16:00:47.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-22T16:00:47.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"},{"id":"NVI-00010684","kind":"vulnerability","title":"Pillow PDF append accepts malformed shared page-tree DAG causing resource exhaustion","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","CVE-2026-96640"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for Pillow. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-a1fea3ce812f59a93e8a47eeb8964cc4"],"technology":"Pillow","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nPillow's documented PDF append path can spend disproportionate CPU time on a compact malformed PDF page tree.\n\nAn attacker who can supply an existing PDF to an application that appends an image with `Image.save(..., format=\"PDF\", append=True)` can provide a malformed `/Pages` tree where each level repeats the same child `/Pages` reference in `/Kids`. Pillow treats the graph as a tree and expands each repeated reference in `PdfParser.linearize_page_tree()` without tracking visited or duplicate indirect references.\n\nIn the bounded proof below, a `1410`-byte PDF expands to `8192` page references from one distinct page object and takes about `9.6` seconds through the append path. A comparable linear control with the same depth stays at one page reference and completes in about `0.02` seconds.\n\nThis is in scope for Pillow's security policy because it is reproducible in `main`, affects the latest public release tested (`12.3.0`), and is not just an unexpected Python exception. The vulnerable operation accepts attacker-controlled PDF bytes through Pillow's PDF parser and causes deterministic resource consumption before normal completion.\n\n### Details\n\n#### Affected versions\n\n-","public_affected_ranges":[">= 5.1.0, < 13.0.0"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-10-31T22:27:09.628Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-22T16:00:47.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-22T16:00:47.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-10-31T22:07:30.906Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}