{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00011839","kind":"vulnerability","title":"yawkat LZ4 Java: LZ4FrameInputStream reallocates block buffers for every frame, allowing CPU and GC amplification from small inputs","revision":3,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected.","NVD lastModified does not establish freshness of every associated CPE record."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","CVE-2026-106450"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java, org.lz4:lz4-java. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-5fd255be9e9d5e93b6f88ae473365db4"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-07T20:35:41.000Z","value":"5.3 medium","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"},{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-09T02:16:59.843Z","value":"5.3 MEDIUM (3.1)","meaning":"security-advisories@github.com severity; no combined Null risk score.","source_id":"sr-854163d5fcaecbd34da2b27b08cb2856"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.454%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.39409. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-5fd255be9e9d5e93b6f88ae473365db4"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:58:38.867Z"},{"id":"sr-854163d5fcaecbd34da2b27b08cb2856","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-106450","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","title":"CVE-2026-106450","publisher":"NIST National Vulnerability Database","observed_at":"2026-11-03T09:58:21.903Z"},{"id":"sr-5fd255be9e9d5e93b6f88ae473365db4","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-106450","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-01T01:39:43.064Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"technology":"at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\n`LZ4FrameInputStream` allocates two new buffers of the frame's maximum block size, up to 4 MiB each, every time it reads a frame header. Because concatenated frames are read by default, an input made of many minimal empty frames forces about 8 MiB of zeroed heap allocation for every 11 input bytes.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4FrameInputStream.readHeader()`:\n\n```java\nmaxBlockSize = frameInfo.getBD().getBlockMaximumSize();\ncompressedBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize]; // Reused during different compressions\nrawBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize];\nbuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBuffer);\n```\n\nThis runs for every frame, and the previous frame's arrays are never reused. A valid 11-byte frame consists of the magic number, FLG `0x60`, BD `0x70` (4 MiB blocks), the header checksum, and an immediate end mark. It carries no data, yet triggers the full 8 MiB allocation. `new LZ4FrameInputStream(in)` reads concatenated frames by default.\n\nIn local measurements on JDK 25, 10,000 such frames (110 KB of input) took about 8 seconds of CPU to read, roughly 70 seconds per MiB of input. This was similar under G1, Parallel, Serial and ZGC. A legitimate stream costs orders of magnitude less ","public_affected_ranges":["<= 1.11.3"]},{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"technology":"org.lz4:lz4-java","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\n`LZ4FrameInputStream` allocates two new buffers of the frame's maximum block size, up to 4 MiB each, every time it reads a frame header. Because concatenated frames are read by default, an input made of many minimal empty frames forces about 8 MiB of zeroed heap allocation for every 11 input bytes.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4FrameInputStream.readHeader()`:\n\n```java\nmaxBlockSize = frameInfo.getBD().getBlockMaximumSize();\ncompressedBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize]; // Reused during different compressions\nrawBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize];\nbuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBuffer);\n```\n\nThis runs for every frame, and the previous frame's arrays are never reused. A valid 11-byte frame consists of the magic number, FLG `0x60`, BD `0x70` (4 MiB blocks), the header checksum, and an immediate end mark. It carries no data, yet triggers the full 8 MiB allocation. `new LZ4FrameInputStream(in)` reads concatenated frames by default.\n\nIn local measurements on JDK 25, 10,000 such frames (110 KB of input) took about 8 seconds of CPU to read, roughly 70 seconds per MiB of input. This was similar under G1, Parallel, Serial and ZGC. A legitimate stream costs orders of magnitude less ","public_affected_ranges":["<= 1.8.1"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-08T15:11:49.385Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-07T20:35:41.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-07T20:35:40.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Source facts changed; compare the preserved prior revision.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:58:38.867Z"},{"id":"NVI-00011839","kind":"vulnerability","title":"yawkat LZ4 Java: LZ4FrameInputStream reallocates block buffers for every frame, allowing CPU and GC amplification from small inputs","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","CVE-2026-106450"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java, org.lz4:lz4-java. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-5fd255be9e9d5e93b6f88ae473365db4"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-07T20:35:41.000Z","value":"5.3 medium","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-10-31T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.454%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.39409. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-5fd255be9e9d5e93b6f88ae473365db4"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:58:38.867Z"},{"id":"sr-5fd255be9e9d5e93b6f88ae473365db4","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-106450","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-01T01:39:43.064Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"technology":"at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\n`LZ4FrameInputStream` allocates two new buffers of the frame's maximum block size, up to 4 MiB each, every time it reads a frame header. Because concatenated frames are read by default, an input made of many minimal empty frames forces about 8 MiB of zeroed heap allocation for every 11 input bytes.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4FrameInputStream.readHeader()`:\n\n```java\nmaxBlockSize = frameInfo.getBD().getBlockMaximumSize();\ncompressedBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize]; // Reused during different compressions\nrawBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize];\nbuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBuffer);\n```\n\nThis runs for every frame, and the previous frame's arrays are never reused. A valid 11-byte frame consists of the magic number, FLG `0x60`, BD `0x70` (4 MiB blocks), the header checksum, and an immediate end mark. It carries no data, yet triggers the full 8 MiB allocation. `new LZ4FrameInputStream(in)` reads concatenated frames by default.\n\nIn local measurements on JDK 25, 10,000 such frames (110 KB of input) took about 8 seconds of CPU to read, roughly 70 seconds per MiB of input. This was similar under G1, Parallel, Serial and ZGC. A legitimate stream costs orders of magnitude less ","public_affected_ranges":["<= 1.11.3"]},{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"technology":"org.lz4:lz4-java","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\n`LZ4FrameInputStream` allocates two new buffers of the frame's maximum block size, up to 4 MiB each, every time it reads a frame header. Because concatenated frames are read by default, an input made of many minimal empty frames forces about 8 MiB of zeroed heap allocation for every 11 input bytes.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4FrameInputStream.readHeader()`:\n\n```java\nmaxBlockSize = frameInfo.getBD().getBlockMaximumSize();\ncompressedBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize]; // Reused during different compressions\nrawBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize];\nbuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBuffer);\n```\n\nThis runs for every frame, and the previous frame's arrays are never reused. A valid 11-byte frame consists of the magic number, FLG `0x60`, BD `0x70` (4 MiB blocks), the header checksum, and an immediate end mark. It carries no data, yet triggers the full 8 MiB allocation. `new LZ4FrameInputStream(in)` reads concatenated frames by default.\n\nIn local measurements on JDK 25, 10,000 such frames (110 KB of input) took about 8 seconds of CPU to read, roughly 70 seconds per MiB of input. This was similar under G1, Parallel, Serial and ZGC. A legitimate stream costs orders of magnitude less ","public_affected_ranges":["<= 1.8.1"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-01T22:58:19.134Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-07T20:35:41.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-07T20:35:40.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:58:38.867Z"},{"id":"NVI-00011839","kind":"vulnerability","title":"yawkat LZ4 Java: LZ4FrameInputStream reallocates block buffers for every frame, allowing CPU and GC amplification from small inputs","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","CVE-2026-106450"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java, org.lz4:lz4-java. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-10-07T20:35:41.000Z","value":"5.3 medium","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-gm45-99xc-r7wv","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:58:38.867Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"technology":"at.yawk.lz4:lz4-java","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\n`LZ4FrameInputStream` allocates two new buffers of the frame's maximum block size, up to 4 MiB each, every time it reads a frame header. Because concatenated frames are read by default, an input made of many minimal empty frames forces about 8 MiB of zeroed heap allocation for every 11 input bytes.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4FrameInputStream.readHeader()`:\n\n```java\nmaxBlockSize = frameInfo.getBD().getBlockMaximumSize();\ncompressedBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize]; // Reused during different compressions\nrawBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize];\nbuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBuffer);\n```\n\nThis runs for every frame, and the previous frame's arrays are never reused. A valid 11-byte frame consists of the magic number, FLG `0x60`, BD `0x70` (4 MiB blocks), the header checksum, and an immediate end mark. It carries no data, yet triggers the full 8 MiB allocation. `new LZ4FrameInputStream(in)` reads concatenated frames by default.\n\nIn local measurements on JDK 25, 10,000 such frames (110 KB of input) took about 8 seconds of CPU to read, roughly 70 seconds per MiB of input. This was similar under G1, Parallel, Serial and ZGC. A legitimate stream costs orders of magnitude less ","public_affected_ranges":["<= 1.11.3"]},{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-412c4a4fef71e363370e3473a0ceacaf"],"technology":"org.lz4:lz4-java","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\n`LZ4FrameInputStream` allocates two new buffers of the frame's maximum block size, up to 4 MiB each, every time it reads a frame header. Because concatenated frames are read by default, an input made of many minimal empty frames forces about 8 MiB of zeroed heap allocation for every 11 input bytes.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4FrameInputStream.readHeader()`:\n\n```java\nmaxBlockSize = frameInfo.getBD().getBlockMaximumSize();\ncompressedBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize]; // Reused during different compressions\nrawBuffer = new byte[maxBlockSize];\nbuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawBuffer);\n```\n\nThis runs for every frame, and the previous frame's arrays are never reused. A valid 11-byte frame consists of the magic number, FLG `0x60`, BD `0x70` (4 MiB blocks), the header checksum, and an immediate end mark. It carries no data, yet triggers the full 8 MiB allocation. `new LZ4FrameInputStream(in)` reads concatenated frames by default.\n\nIn local measurements on JDK 25, 10,000 such frames (110 KB of input) took about 8 seconds of CPU to read, roughly 70 seconds per MiB of input. This was similar under G1, Parallel, Serial and ZGC. A legitimate stream costs orders of magnitude less ","public_affected_ranges":["<= 1.8.1"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-01T01:03:56.609Z","source_updated_at":"2026-10-07T20:35:41.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-10-07T20:35:40.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-11-01T00:58:38.867Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}