{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00014026","kind":"vulnerability","title":"ORAS CLI: Cyclic Referrer Graph Can Cause Unbounded Recursion and Resource Consumption","revision":2,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","CVE-2026-55588"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for oras.land/oras. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-06437d48328118456c9af24f08e53251"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-08-28T18:19:15.000Z","value":"2 low","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b"},{"kind":"EPSS","as_of":"2026-11-03T12:00:27.000Z","value":"0.538%","meaning":"FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.45341. Missing scores are unknown.","source_id":"sr-06437d48328118456c9af24f08e53251"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-11-02T09:56:23.004Z"},{"id":"sr-06437d48328118456c9af24f08e53251","url":"https://www.first.org/epss/data.html","basis":"official_catalog","notes":"FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.","title":"CVE-2026-55588","publisher":"FIRST EPSS","observed_at":"2026-11-03T17:44:07.788Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b"],"technology":"oras.land/oras","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\nA malicious OCI registry can return a **cyclic referrer graph** (e.g. `A -> A` or `A -> B -> A`). The ORAS CLI's recursive referrer traversal does not track visited descriptors, so a cycle causes unbounded recursion and memory growth — a client-side denial of service.\n\nThis affects `oras discover` (recursive referrer traversal) and the recursive referrer counting used by `oras backup` and `oras restore`. Because `oras discover --depth` defaults to `0` (unlimited), `discover` is affected out of the box.\n\n> **Note:** This advisory covers only the **ORAS CLI** (`oras.land/oras`). The related Referrers API pagination loop in the `oras-go` library is tracked in a separate advisory on the oras-go repository.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `oras discover`, recursive referrer traversal follows discovered referrers without maintaining a visited-descriptor set.\n\nSimplified flow:\n\n```text\nrunDiscover\n  -> fetchAllReferrers(root)\n     -> registry.Referrers(root)\n     -> for each referrer:\n          fetchAllReferrers(referrer)\n```\n\nA malicious registry can create cyclic graphs such as:\n\n```text\nA -> A\n```\n\nor\n\n```text\nA -> B -> A\n```\n\nBecause traversal ","public_affected_ranges":["< 1.3.3"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-04T10:04:41.550Z","source_updated_at":"2026-08-28T18:19:15.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-08-28T18:19:15.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-11-02T09:56:23.004Z"},{"id":"NVI-00014026","kind":"vulnerability","title":"ORAS CLI: Cyclic Referrer Graph Can Cause Unbounded Recursion and Resource Consumption","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","CVE-2026-55588"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for oras.land/oras. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-08-28T18:19:15.000Z","value":"2 low","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-298f-872v-2rcx","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-11-02T09:56:23.004Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-33c1cb2653c4237416f79424dc01464b"],"technology":"oras.land/oras","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\n\nA malicious OCI registry can return a **cyclic referrer graph** (e.g. `A -> A` or `A -> B -> A`). The ORAS CLI's recursive referrer traversal does not track visited descriptors, so a cycle causes unbounded recursion and memory growth — a client-side denial of service.\n\nThis affects `oras discover` (recursive referrer traversal) and the recursive referrer counting used by `oras backup` and `oras restore`. Because `oras discover --depth` defaults to `0` (unlimited), `discover` is affected out of the box.\n\n> **Note:** This advisory covers only the **ORAS CLI** (`oras.land/oras`). The related Referrers API pagination loop in the `oras-go` library is tracked in a separate advisory on the oras-go repository.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `oras discover`, recursive referrer traversal follows discovered referrers without maintaining a visited-descriptor set.\n\nSimplified flow:\n\n```text\nrunDiscover\n  -> fetchAllReferrers(root)\n     -> registry.Referrers(root)\n     -> for each referrer:\n          fetchAllReferrers(referrer)\n```\n\nA malicious registry can create cyclic graphs such as:\n\n```text\nA -> A\n```\n\nor\n\n```text\nA -> B -> A\n```\n\nBecause traversal ","public_affected_ranges":["< 1.3.3"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-02T10:00:37.198Z","source_updated_at":"2026-08-28T18:19:15.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-08-28T18:19:15.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-11-02T09:56:23.004Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}