{"items":[{"id":"NVI-00016197","kind":"vulnerability","title":"brace-expansion: DoS via exponential-time expansion of consecutive non-expanding {} groups","revision":1,"unknowns":["Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected."],"lifecycle":"active","identifiers":["GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp","CVE-2026-13149"],"plain_summary":"GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for brace-expansion, brace-expansion, brace-expansion. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.","review_status":"source_listed","control_topics":[],"public_actions":[{"summary":"Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.","source_ids":["sr-43b827531048b1b3329f527f0d321053"],"action_type":"investigate","limitations":"Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system.","current_supported_target":null}],"schema_version":"1.1.0","source_metrics":[{"kind":"CVSS","as_of":"2026-07-20T20:51:11.000Z","value":"5.3 high","meaning":"GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.","source_id":"sr-43b827531048b1b3329f527f0d321053"}],"why_it_matters":"Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.","related_sources":[{"id":"sr-43b827531048b1b3329f527f0d321053","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp","basis":"vendor_advisory","notes":"GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.","title":"GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp","publisher":"GitHub Advisory Database","observed_at":"2026-11-04T02:49:06.528Z"}],"affected_context":[{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-43b827531048b1b3329f527f0d321053"],"technology":"brace-expansion","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nbrace-expansion's expand() exhibits exponential-time - O(2ⁿ) - behavior in the number of consecutive non-expanding {} groups. A short, all-ASCII input (~90 bytes/30 groups) blocks the calling thread for minutes; a slightly longer input hangs it effectively indefinitely. Because the dominant consumers run on Node's single-threaded event loop, one small input can fully stall a worker/process.\n\nIn `expand_`, `post` is computed unconditionally at the top of the function, before the early-return branches that don't use it:\n```js\nconst post = m.post.length ? expand_(m.post, max, false) : [''];   // always recurses\n  ...\nif (!isSequence && !isOptions) {\n  if (m.post.match(/,(?!,).*\\}/)) {\n    str = m.pre + '{' + m.body + escClose + m.post;\n    return expand_(str, max, true); // restart — `post` discarded\n  }\n  return [str];\n}\n```\n\nFor input like a{},{},…, the first {} is non-expanding, so control reaches the {a},b} rewrite branch - but `expand_` has already recursed into post over the entire remaining tail, only to throw the result away.\nEach level therefore spawns two recursive expansions over essentially the same remaining work: `T(n) = 2·T(n−1) ⇒ O(2ⁿ)`.\n\nThe max option doe","public_affected_ranges":[">= 3.0.0, < 5.0.7"]},{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-43b827531048b1b3329f527f0d321053"],"technology":"brace-expansion","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nbrace-expansion's expand() exhibits exponential-time - O(2ⁿ) - behavior in the number of consecutive non-expanding {} groups. A short, all-ASCII input (~90 bytes/30 groups) blocks the calling thread for minutes; a slightly longer input hangs it effectively indefinitely. Because the dominant consumers run on Node's single-threaded event loop, one small input can fully stall a worker/process.\n\nIn `expand_`, `post` is computed unconditionally at the top of the function, before the early-return branches that don't use it:\n```js\nconst post = m.post.length ? expand_(m.post, max, false) : [''];   // always recurses\n  ...\nif (!isSequence && !isOptions) {\n  if (m.post.match(/,(?!,).*\\}/)) {\n    str = m.pre + '{' + m.body + escClose + m.post;\n    return expand_(str, max, true); // restart — `post` discarded\n  }\n  return [str];\n}\n```\n\nFor input like a{},{},…, the first {} is non-expanding, so control reaches the {a},b} rewrite branch - but `expand_` has already recursed into post over the entire remaining tail, only to throw the result away.\nEach level therefore spawns two recursive expansions over essentially the same remaining work: `T(n) = 2·T(n−1) ⇒ O(2ⁿ)`.\n\nThe max option doe","public_affected_ranges":["< 1.1.16"]},{"certainty":"source_listed","source_ids":["sr-43b827531048b1b3329f527f0d321053"],"technology":"brace-expansion","known_exclusions":[],"conditions_summary":"### Summary\nbrace-expansion's expand() exhibits exponential-time - O(2ⁿ) - behavior in the number of consecutive non-expanding {} groups. A short, all-ASCII input (~90 bytes/30 groups) blocks the calling thread for minutes; a slightly longer input hangs it effectively indefinitely. Because the dominant consumers run on Node's single-threaded event loop, one small input can fully stall a worker/process.\n\nIn `expand_`, `post` is computed unconditionally at the top of the function, before the early-return branches that don't use it:\n```js\nconst post = m.post.length ? expand_(m.post, max, false) : [''];   // always recurses\n  ...\nif (!isSequence && !isOptions) {\n  if (m.post.match(/,(?!,).*\\}/)) {\n    str = m.pre + '{' + m.body + escClose + m.post;\n    return expand_(str, max, true); // restart — `post` discarded\n  }\n  return [str];\n}\n```\n\nFor input like a{},{},…, the first {} is non-expanding, so control reaches the {a},b} rewrite branch - but `expand_` has already recursed into post over the entire remaining tail, only to throw the result away.\nEach level therefore spawns two recursive expansions over essentially the same remaining work: `T(n) = 2·T(n−1) ⇒ O(2ⁿ)`.\n\nThe max option doe","public_affected_ranges":[">= 2.0.0, < 2.1.2"]}],"null_published_at":"2026-11-04T10:04:27.904Z","source_updated_at":"2026-07-20T20:51:11.000Z","source_disclosed_at":"2026-07-20T20:51:09.000Z","is_synthetic_fixture":false,"null_last_reviewed_at":null,"public_change_summary":"First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.","null_first_observed_at":"2026-11-04T02:49:06.528Z"}],"next_cursor":null,"snapshot_revision":"42594"}