vulnerability / NVI-00005407 / Revision 5
graphql-php is affected by a Denial of Service via quadratic complexity in OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation
GitHub lists this reviewed advisory for webonyx/graphql-php. Published version ranges and source prerequisites are shown below; this is not an inspection of a visitor’s application.
This report has not inspected your inventory, configuration, deployed build, reachability or evidence. A catalog listing and a severity score do not establish exposure or compromise.
01 / Meaning
Why it matters
Published affected context helps an owner decide what evidence to gather. This report has not examined your application.
7.5 medium
GitHub source severity; exploitability and local consequence require separate evidence.
As of · GitHub Advisory Database
7.5 HIGH (3.1)
nvd@nist.gov severity; no combined Null risk score.
6.9 MEDIUM (4.0)
security-advisories@github.com severity; no combined Null risk score.
0.637%
FIRST EPSS model v2026.06.15; exploitation probability over 30 days, percentile 0.50586. Missing scores are unknown.
As of · FIRST EPSS
02 / Applicability
The affected context
Affected versions, configuration prerequisites and known exclusions are public. Confirm each one against the deployed service.
webonyx/graphql-php
source listed<= 15.31.4
The `OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged` validation rule exhibits quadratic time complexity when processing queries with many repeated fields sharing the same response name. An attacker can send a crafted query like `{ hello hello hello ... }` with thousands of repeated fields, causing excessive CPU usage during validation before execution begins. This is not mitigated by existing QueryDepth or QueryComplexity rules. **Observed impact (tested on v15.31.4):** - 1000 fields: ~0.6s - 2000 fields: ~2.4s - 3000 fields: ~5.3s - 5000 fields: request timeout (>20s) **Root cause:** `collectConflictsWithin()` performs O(n²) pairwise comparisons of all fields with the same response name. For identical repeated fields, every comparison returns "no conflict" but the quadratic iteration count causes resource exhaustion. **Fix:** Deduplicate structurally identical fields before pairwise comparison, reducing the complexity from O(n²) to O(u²) where u is the number of unique field signatures (typically 1 for this attack pattern). **Credit:** Ashwak N (ashwakn04@gmail.com)
webonyx/graphql-php
source listedECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 15.31.5
The `OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged` validation rule exhibits quadratic time complexity when processing queries with many repeated fields sharing the same response name. An attacker can send a crafted query like `{ hello hello hello ... }` with thousands of repeated fields, causing excessive CPU usage during validation before execution begins. This is not mitigated by existing QueryDepth or QueryComplexity rules. **Observed impact (tested on v15.31.4):** - 1000 fields: ~0.6s - 2000 fields: ~2.4s - 3000 fields: ~5.3s - 5000 fields: request timeout (>20s) **Root cause:** `collectConflictsWithin()` performs O(n²) pairwise comparisons of all fields with the same response name. For identical repeated fields, every comparison returns "no conflict" but the quadratic iteration count causes resource exhaustion. **Fix:** Deduplicate structurally identical fields before pairwise comparison, reducing the complexity from O(n²) to O(u²) where u is the number of unique field signatures (typically 1 for this attack pattern). **Credit:** Ashwak N (ashwakn04@gmail.com)
03 / Response
What to do next
- investigate
Identify the exact component and deployed version, examine the linked publisher’s conditions, and retain evidence of any mitigation.
Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system. FIRST EPSS
- vendor patch
The original advisory lists fixed boundaries 15.31.5 for webonyx/graphql-php. Confirm the publisher’s latest guidance.
Confirm current vendor support, compatibility and deployment evidence. This report has not tested a fix in your system. GitHub Advisory Database via OSV
A fixed release is not deployment evidence.
Check current vendor support and compatibility. After making a change, verify the deployed build and relevant runtime conditions. Keep the evidence, owner and time. An updated lockfile alone does not prove what is running.
04 / Limits
What this report cannot establish
- Customer inventory, deployment, reachability and exploitation have not been inspected.
- NVD lastModified does not establish freshness of every associated CPE record.
05 / Provenance
Sources you can inspect
Each assertion retains its source. Mirrored records may repeat one underlying publisher; additional links are not independent corroboration.
- GHSA-68jq-c3rv-pcrr ↗
GitHub Advisory Database · vendor advisory
Observed . GitHub Advisory Database; CC-BY-4.0. Each advisory links its original attribution. Null normalizes fields.
- GHSA-68jq-c3rv-pcrr ↗
GitHub Advisory Database via OSV · vendor advisory
Observed . GitHub-origin advisory, CC-BY-4.0; OSV is an aggregate copy, not independent corroboration.
- CVE-2026-40476 ↗
NIST National Vulnerability Database · official catalog
Observed . This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.
- CVE-2026-40476 ↗
FIRST EPSS · official catalog
Observed . FIRST EPSS; probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, not local compromise. Dataset date/model retained; FIRST services terms apply.
Public revision history
Only published revisions appear here. Routine fetches do not create a material-change event.
- Revision 5 ·
Source facts changed; compare the preserved prior revision.
- Revision 4 ·
Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.
- Revision 3 ·
Dated EPSS estimate updated; this is not a new disclosure or proof of exploitation.
- Revision 2 ·
Source facts changed; compare the preserved prior revision.
- Revision 1 ·
First indexed by Null; source disclosure date is shown separately.